Ka ʻike maʻamau e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki

I kēlā me kēia lā, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano sterilization nā koi like ʻole no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, paʻakikī paha ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me nā lumens lōʻihi me ka ethylene oxide ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ke komo ʻana i nā wahi i loko, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ka sterilization. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau mea me nā ʻāpana uila koʻikoʻi e ka radiation gamma a i ʻole ka electron beam sterilization. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano sterilization hewa hiki ke hōʻino i kāu mau mea lapaʻau.

 

Wehewehe ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana:

ʻO ka sterilization ka hana o ka hana ʻana i kahi huahana me nā ʻano microorganism ola āpau. ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pili ana i nā ʻenehana e pepehi a wehe paha i nā ʻano mea kanu microbial a me nā spores. ʻO nā huahana e like me nā stents, endovascular catheters, surgical sutures, contact lens, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohana hoʻokahi infusion e hele pololei a pili ʻole paha me ke koko o ke kanaka a i ʻole nā ​​wai kino he koi koʻikoʻi no ka nānā sterility. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka microbial contamination a pepehi i nā microorganisms huahana i ka wā o ka hana ʻana.

Aia i loko o nā microorganisms nā hua bacteria, nā haʻakai, a me nā maʻi maʻi. Pono nā ʻano microorganism ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano hana sterilization a loaʻa nā hopena sterilization like ʻole.

 

Nā ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau:

1. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela maloʻo:

E kau i nā mea i loko o kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wela maloʻo, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ea wela maloʻo e pepehi i nā microorganism a i ʻole e hoʻopau i nā mea pyrogenic.

He kūpono no: Nā mea aniani, nā mea metala, a me nā mea kū'ē i nā wela kiʻekiʻe akā ʻaʻole kūpono no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wela wela.

Kūlana: ʻO ka maʻamau, (160 – 170 ° C) × 120 min, (170 – 180 ° C) × 616942] 600 min, a i ʻole 170 – C) × 600 min, a i ʻole 2460 mau minuke. 45 min. E hōʻoia i ka hoʻouka kūpono e mālama i ka pono a me ka like.

Hōʻike Ola: Bacillus atrophaeus spores.

 

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E hoʻokomo i nā mea i loko o kahi sterilizer (autoclave), me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahu saturated pressure kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopau i nā protein a me nā waikawa nucleic, no laila e pepehi ai i nā microorganism.

Pono No: Hoʻopaʻa, ʻaʻahu maʻemaʻe, ipu aniani, ʻōpala maʻi maʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loli ʻole a poino paha me ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa.

Kūlana: ʻO ka maʻamau 121 ° C × 15 min a i ʻole 121 ° C × 30 min. E hōʻoia i ka hoʻouka kūpono e mālama i ka pono a me ka like.

Hōʻike Ola: Bacillus stearothermophilus spores.

3. Ka hoʻoheheʻe kinoea:

Hoʻohana i nā kinoea disinfectant kemika e pepehi i nā microorganism. Hoʻopili kēia i ka disinfection ozone a me ka sterilization ethylene oxide.

Hoʻopale ʻana i ka Ozone: Loaʻa i ka Ozone nā waiwai disinfectant ikaika. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka oxygen a me nā molekole oxygen hoʻokahi, nona nā hopena oxidative ikaika i ka bacteria.

Ethylene Oxide Sterilization: Hoʻohana i ke kinoea ethylene oxide no ka sterilization. He hana kuʻuna i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea lapaʻau a me nā mea hana wela. ʻO nā mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hopena e pili ana i ka haʻahaʻa, ka mahana, ka ʻike kinoea, a me ka manawa hoʻolaha.

 

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Ionizing Radiation: Hoʻohana i nā kukui X a i ʻole nā ​​kukui gamma e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka hopena make ma muli o nā loli biochemical i loko o nā pūnaewele.

Electromagnetic Radiation: Loaʻa nā kukui UV (190 – 350 nm), kukui infrared (0.77 – 1000 μ m), a me nā microwaves (1 – 1000 mm).

UV Sterilization: Hoʻopau ke kukui UV i nā microorganisms ma o ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana i kā lākou DNA a me RNA i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka nui o 3600 – 65000 µ W/cm ² .

5. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka kānana:

Hoʻopau kino i nā microorganism mai ka media. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kānana like ʻole no ka ea a i ʻole ka wai.

Kānana Pore Nui: 25 – 100 nm no nā maʻi maʻi; 0.22 – 0.45 µ m no ka bacteria.